Abandoned Oil Wells End of Field Life

Deserted Oil Wells End of Field Life Unique As oil, creation keeps on declining in numerous pieces of the globe, more administrators are considering admirably to be as a reality. Penetrated wells are stopped and relinquished for various reasons of which the run of the mill and operational explanation is that the well has arrived at its financial cutoff or when bored it was seen as a dry gap. (allude). As indicated by Ide, T., et al 2006, very much bore is taken to be high liquid transmittal pathway. Indeed, even with the momentum system of fixing and relinquishment, singular wells tend to free their uprightness because of different elements, which incorporate however not restricted to poor cementation, poor or incapable stopping, and increment in arrangement pressure after surrender, erosion of packaging (allude). Sheltered and conservative well deserting are imperative to the business from ecological and money related points of view. Inappropriate deserting can require re-relinquishment techniques to relieve natural pollution or to consent to refreshed guidelines, causing an expanded money related weight on the administrator. 1. Presentation 1.1 BACKGROUND All wells bored have a particular life cycle regarding its cost, term, recuperation, and worth. Despite the fact that these qualities and ascribes are explicit to an individual penetrated well, all creating wells go through a similar starting and last state, starting with fruition and closure with deserting. After the boring phase of a well and the objective profundity is reached, a choice to finish the well is made dependent on the supply traits: is the well dry or is the hydrocarbon instead of financial worth. At last, every well becomes torpid as a result of decreased monetary returns or specialized issue. At the point when a well quits creating, it either might be closed in (SI), transitory surrendered (TA) or for all time deserted (dad). With maturing fields quick moving toward their monetary breaking point, relinquishment is turning out to be progressively visit and numerous administrators need to alter their deserting system to fit the Wellbore condition and verify that surrendered wells remain for all time fixed and forestall blending while at the same time adjusting the ecological destinations of surrender and cost of real surrender. Wells, which are not relinquished properly, can turn into a significant risk to the underground wellspring of drinking water and perhaps the amphibian condition [8] Close in status (SI) At the point when a well is closed in it is as yet streaming yet its Christmas tree, SV, wing valves are completely shut. Typically a well is closed in if there is a specialized or operational issue, which is accepted to be impermanent. There is no most extreme time for a well to stay in shut-in status as long as it is consistently kept up as per administrative necessity and techniques. Transitory surrender status (TA) A well is supposed to be incidentally surrendered when the wellhead is evacuated and the delivering stretch is disconnected with a fitting and the packaging is stopped beneath the mud line. Purposes behind ABANDONMENT There are different reasons why a well is deserted, these are: END OF FIELD LIFE ABANDONMENT Penetrated wells must at one point in time be relinquished. Before a well arrives at where it must be deserted it goes through different stages throughout its life cycle; it starts with the study and misuse of a region for signs on hydrocarbon [1]. This prompts a fulfilling and energizing disclosure of a collection of hydrocarbon store. This is trailed by the gained Data Processing stage lastly the boring procedure. During penetrating, the well is made by the utilization of bore and cased off at explicit as boring advances. Another satisfying objective is arrived at when the primary hydrocarbon is created a procedure which sadly inevitably continues the declining time frame where the pace of hydrocarbon creation diminishes. Be that as it may, effective improved oil recuperation strategies frequently than not make this stage remunerating monetarily as it broadens the life of the well [1]. At the point when all upgraded oil recuperation method has been utilized, and the expense of delivering the well is not, at this point financially practical, the following procedure is surrender; a phase not all that invited by most administrators as it implies the suspension of creation. Dry gap Abandonment A bored well is additionally deserted when subsequent to boring, the opening was seen as a dry gap. In spite of the fact that relinquishment is intended to be a lasting end, the impact is felt for a long time more than that of the short creating life of the well. The principle objective of any stopping and deserting is to give a lasting and compelling disengagement of liquids up and down the subsurface arrangement in the various layers where they were encased preceding stopping, in this way forestalling liquid movement and diminish ecological dangers of tainting and forestall expensive healing occupations [1]. To accomplish this few critical time frames well should be filled and firmly shut with a sealant material from base gap to the surface with uncommon consideration paid to the creation span [4] and zones of high differential weight and temperature. The material utilized for stopping vary contingent upon what kind of well is being surrendered, for oil and gas well the material utilized is ordinarily concrete based materials, for water well, concrete based just as bentonite can be utilized to confine the distinctive intervals[4][ PUT UNDER CEMENT PLUG CHARACTERISTICS UNDERE INTEGRITY OF ABANDONED WELLS. The honesty of the surrendered well can fall flat for a lot of reasons, for example, plug disappointment, poor slurry structure and so on. A concrete fitting can neglect to set at the ideal area as concrete slurry regularly tends to fall through the lighter penetrating liquid beneath it [9]. Disappointment can likewise be because of downhole changes which may happen after the well has been surrendered [8]. Throughout the years, procedures for penetrating and fulfillment of hydrocarbon wells have kept on advancing. This drive for new innovation for hydrocarbon recuperation is because of the need to amplify hydrocarbon recuperation while ensuring nature [4]. The development of well relinquishment methods has been much more slow than that of boring and fruition. This is on the grounds that relinquishment is viewed as a sunk expense [4]. Undertaking Objective The goals of this postulation is to audit the elements which add to the general trustworthiness of relinquished wells. These incorporate, well boundaries, concrete situation strategies, packaging honesty. These assume a significant job in the plan, development and real execution of the deserting venture. In the relinquishment of wells, the components that add to the honesty vary contingent upon the wells. This is on the grounds that each well is a remarkable element and henceforth must have free well relinquishment structure. Task METHODOLOGY In this work I plan to discuss For example, in a well where a fish is lost in gap the deserting configuration needs to made into thought healing move or approaches to set the concrete fitting as there might be no entrance to the base opening to set a base module the sump. Relinquished wells can be a reason for worry because of their capability to go about as way for stream between arrangements, which under ordinary situation are confined including underground wellsprings of drinking water, of extraordinary concern are those abandonments with defective attachments, traded off packaging and those having breaks in the concrete [7]. This work is planned for featuring the various variables which add to the respectability of a surrendered well. ( reorder and rework) Part 2 Writing audit Well deserting has made considerable progress since the main revelation of oil and gas, with the expanding consciousness of the significance of ecological insurance, the need to improve the procedures of relinquishment has now become a significant worry for some administrators, as surrendered wells are viewed as a potential conductor for liquid stream between various developments. As indicated by C. H. Kelm et al, the goal of surrender of a well should mulled over the need to do as such in a prescribed procedures way by analyzing the accompanying principal point of any deserting procedure; The need to secure any hydrocarbon left in the compensation zone of the development bored. The need to protect and forestall sullying of freshwater zones (for inland apparatuses) infiltrated over the span of penetrating the well. Turn away of any defilement of the surface condition. For example, on account of vegetation, air contamination and marine condition. The need to keep every single administrative necessity expressed in during the relinquishment. In the previous years numerous papers has been distributed on territories extending from elective stopping method, self mending and expandable concrete, improved concrete slurry plan, situation strategy with the intend to lessen the expense of relinquishment and improve the deserting. Deserted well in an oil field are fixed utilizing a stopping material as indicated by administrative prerequisites. An ideal case of a connecting material the perfect sense as indicated by D.G Calvert et al 1994 is one, which can be siphoned down the penetrated opening, can solidify in a sensible time, and security with the dividers of the bored development and packaging so as to keep liquid stream starting with one arrangement then onto the next. While guidelines change here and there, the general practice includes stopping the Wellbore with a Portland concrete material explicitly intended for the disengagement reason. In his audit of stopping and surrender procedures, D. G. Calvert et al, expressed th at the concrete blend utilized in oil and gas change contingent upon the kind of opening is to be detached. Not very many papers has been distributed that centers around the honesty of the real well after surrender. Liversidge, D. et al. in his work on lasting attachment and surrender answer for the Northsea he introduced case chronicles of the Brent South field deserting venture done utilizing both class G concrete with an expandable specialist framework and adaptable concrete as indicated by the ebb and flow severe re

The origination of Mathmatics in Ancient Greece

The start of Mathmatics in Ancient Greece Free Online Research Papers Proposal Statement: The advancement of science in the old world, at one time followed back to the old Greeks, is presently comprehended to have started with the Mesopotamians and Egyptians whose scientific frameworks uncover both striking similitudes and significant contrasts in structure, utilization, and social centrality. Campbell-Kelly, Martin, Mary Croarken, Raymond Flood, and Eleanor Robson. The History of Mathematical Tables. NY: Oxford University Press, 2003. From essential sources, the writers discover that the antiquated Mesopotamians once in a while communicated their scientific conditions and data in tables however the structure has existed recorded as a hard copy for more than 4500 years. Or maybe, they regularly kept in touch with them as records. They relate this to the way that the sexagesimal spot esteem framework had not yet been created. Indeed, even upon its improvement in the eighteenth century BCE, it is assessed that it was still just utilized in a little level of archives. On the other hand, in logical and numerical improvements in the course of the most recent 500 years, tables have been instrumental in progressions and open styles. Friberg, J. Sudden connections among Egyptian and Babylonian Mathematics. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific, 2005. Friberg clarifies the cutting edge wellsprings of data with respect to both Egyptian and Babylonian arithmetic and she talks about their likenesses top to bottom. Old Mesopotamian writings incorporate a very entrenched number of writings recorded from dirt tablets which had been cut utilizing the cuneiform content, dating from the second thousand years B.C. Old Egyptian writings come from a lesser number of unique arrangements of papyrus writings from three diverse timeframes. Friberg then investigates the broad likenesses between specific writings, for example, the nearness of geometric movements in both Babylonian and Egyptian sources. The nearness of metric polynomial math, comparable division thinking, different kinds of geometry, and the scientific foundations of financial matters are completely tended to with thourough examinations of the different writings. Katz, Victor J. furthermore, Annette Imhausen. The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. Katz starts by examining the previous Western inclination with respect to scientific history and the later advances in understandings because of archeological finds in various pieces of the old world. In section one, the historical backdrop of Egyptian science is talked about with the accentuation on both the scientific understandings uncovered specifically messages through issues, and the hypothetical interchanges yet the ways the Egyptian utilized arithmetic. The creator remembers a segment for the managerial use of the Egyptian arithmetic framework for the legislature of their human advancement. In part two, the Mesopotamian science history is tended to, explicitly on the different times of scientific advances in the locale. The advances of the Uruk, Shuruppag, Nippur, and Umma developments of the third thousand years BCE are investigated just as the old Babylonian time of the second thousand years BCE. Kline, Morris. Scientific Thought from Ancient to Modern Times. NY: Oxford University Press, 1972. Kline starts with a conversation of the beginnings of science as a rule, specifying the improvement of number frameworks, number-crunching, variable based math, and geometry in both Mesopotamia and Egypt. He contends that science, as a control, didn't exist before the antiquated Greeks, however that the preparation was set by before human advancements for their developments identifying with arithmetic. In particular, he gives the historical backdrop of Mesopotamian and Egyptian arithmetic as it is known from essential sources. He associates the ascent of science to the arrangement of farming civic establishments, and to the Mesopotamians of the prolific Nile River valley. He brings up the various associations between the political exercises in the area and the subsequent spread of numerical information across bigger areas. Selin, Helaine and U. D’Ambrosio. Arithmetic across Cultures: the History of Non-Western Mathematics. Boston: Kluver Academic, 2000. Expanding the assemblage of work gathered on the historical backdrop of old science, Selin’s numerous articles address the associations among arithmetic and culture, the transmission of scholarly capital from East to West, and the individual numerical accomplishments of a wide range of antiquated societies. The science of Mesopotamia is investigated in an exposition by creator Eleanor Robson entitled â€Å"The Uses of Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: 6000-600 BC,† including the two advances the way of life made, and the effect that these advances had on their general public. At the end of the day, Robson investigates both the information the human progress got, just as the numerous ways they put it to use inside their general public. In another significant article by James Ritter entitled â€Å"Egyptian Mathematics,† Egyptian arithmetic are talked about, including how it was utilized inside various societies and the advanced translations of its importance. Research Papers on The beginning of Mathmatics in Ancient GreeceCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMind TravelInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneGenetic Engineering

Phobias Related to the Winter Season

Phobias Related to the Winter Season Phobias Types Print Phobias Related to the Winter Season By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 05, 2019 Lynn Koenig/Moment/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Winter means different things to different people. Many revel in the cold air, winter sports, and the holiday season. Some feel a sense of renewal as they huddle inside during the long, dark nights. For a surprisingly large number of us, however, winter is a season filled with dread, sadness and a fervent wish for spring to arrive. Winter-related phobias run the gamut from the fear of snow to the fear of being trapped. Fear of Cold The fear of cold, or cryophobia, is often worst during the winter months. Some people are afraid of cold air temperatures, while others fear touching cold objects. Cryophobia may stem from many different root causes  but is most often linked to a subjective perception of cold and negative associations with the sensation of cold. However, each person experiences temperatures differently, so the threshold for cold is different for everyone. Fear of Snow The fear of snow, or chionophobia, is often linked to other phobias. Those with fears of cold, severe weather, or water may be afraid of snowstorms even when they are at home. People with fears of driving, being trapped, or becoming contaminated are typically afraid only when they must go out in the snow. This fear ranges from mild to severe  and may be extremely life-limiting for those who live in colder climates. Fear of Air The relatively complicated anemophobia, or fear of air, may occur during all seasons. However, many people find that it is worst during winter, when the blowing wind is cold and miserable. Some people are afraid of gusty winds, other of drafty rooms. The fear may have many different causes, from the fear of losing control to the fear of illness. Fear of Winter Driving Winter driving causes nervousness and trepidation in many people, but for some, prudent caution escalates into full-blown terror. This fear is generally worst in those who have a more generalized driving phobia or another winter-related fear, but it may also manifest on its own. Those who are unfamiliar with winter driving conditions, such as people who suddenly move from a warm climate to a cold climate, may be at particular risk for developing this phobia. Fear of Being Trapped Although it is often confused with claustrophobia, the fear of being trapped is properly known as cleithrophobia. While people with claustrophobia are afraid of small spaces, those with cleithrophobia are specifically afraid of being locked or stuck in a small space. The phobia may be triggered year-round  but is often worst during the winter due to the small but real risk of becoming stuck in a snow bank or falling through thin ice. Cabin Fever Cabin fever is a collection of symptoms that may occur when people are stuck in one place for a long period of time. Famously portrayed in the 1977 Stephen King novel and 1980 film, The Shining, cabin fever is generally rooted in an intense fear of isolation. Violence, such as that shown in The Shining, is relatively rare and usually due to a pre-existing condition, but irritability, restlessness, depression and lack of motivation are common. Auroraphobia The fear of the Northern Lights, or auroraphobia, is an unusual but very real phobia. The fear is generally based on a larger phobia of astronomical phenomena. Astronomy and astrology have been heavily linked throughout history, and some astronomical fears are based on religious or doomsday phobias. In other cases, these fears are rooted in a generalized fear of the unknown. Managing Winter Phobias Like all phobias, winter phobias vary dramatically in their severity and the impact that they have on individual sufferers lives. For some people, education and exposure to the object of fear are sufficient to calm their concerns. More severe phobias, however, generally require professional guidance. Winter is a fact of life, but with hard work and assistance, it need not be a season to dread.

The Purpose of Suffering a Christian Perspective

The Purpose of Suffering: A Christian Perspective The concept of suffering plays an important role in Christianity, regarding such matters as moral conduct, spiritual advancement and ultimate destiny. Indeed an emphasis on suffering pervades the Gospel of Mark where, it can be argued, we are shown how to â€Å"journey through suffering† (Ditzel 2001) in the image of the â€Å"Suffering Son of Man† (Mark 8:32), Jesus Christ. Although theologians have suggested that Mark was written to strengthen the resolve of the early Christian community (Halpern 2002, Mayerfeld 2005), the underlying moral is not lost on a modern reader grappling with multifarious challenges regarding faith in the face of suffering. In his article â€Å"A Christian Response to†¦show more content†¦Personally I think people need guidance and to know they are not alone when pain overwhelms them or their loved ones. To know that God is present, albeit in a way â€Å"which is beyond us†, can help those who suffer to come to terms with su ffering, perhaps even achieve â€Å"a freedom, a serenity, a wholeness† on account of it; often despite not being cured (Marravee 1987). From Christian author and disability advocate, Joni Eareckson Tada, we find an inspiring example. In her books, Tada speaks of how a belief in the solidarity of God has helped her in her difficult journey through suffering . A common reaction to suffering is to ask Why? - Why did God let it happen to me? Jesus’ reaction however, lies in stark contrast. Notably, Jesus does not self pity or place blame . The message here, according to Oswald Chambers, is: No sin is worse than the sin of self pity, because it removes God from the throne of our lives, replacing Him with our own self interests. It causes us to open our mouths only to complain, and we simply become spiritual sponges - always absorbing, never giving and never being satisfied. And there is nothing lovely or generous about our lives. Jesus’ reaction in Mark is one of total submission to suffering; Jesus knows He must suffer and accepts it as divine necessity. Although Jesus is vulnerable and fearful of His imminent death (shown through His prayer to Abba (Daddy) in the Garden of Gethsemane), Jesus does not shirkShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1085 Words   |  5 Pagesdomestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy† (n.d.). This practice is also known as assisted suicide. In the paper I will discuss the ethical issues of euthanasia, why some may think it is the answer, as well as the Christian perspective on euthanasia. Ethical Dilemma The scenario that I chose was a 17-year-old girl, Joni, who wants to end her life using euthanasia. She fractured her vertebrae when diving at Chesapeake Bay, which left her a quadriplegic. She has since becomeRead MoreI Am Thankful For My Honors Research Project1557 Words   |  7 Pagesfinds that the covenant is not something that requires the earning of God’s grace (Sanders, 420). It is not formulated around the fear of never completing enough works so as to merit God’s favor. Within Romans 4, Sanders argues that Paul in his pre-Christian days was not referencing boasting, because Judaism itself was not of works-righteousness (Sanders, 33). In reality, he attributes our modern negativity towards Judaism as a failure on Luther’s part due to his bias against the Jews. Instead, SandersRead MoreSpiritual Competence: Sikh Beliefs and Faiths1432 Words   |  6 Pagesissues and concerns regarding specific health care practices and religious beliefs and remove thei r perspective from the situation. The following paper will discuss three different religions while incorporating a comparison of beliefs, perspective on healing and the perspective on health care to that of the Christian Religion. Sikh Beliefs and Faiths Sikhism is reported as the largest non-Christian religious group. There are 22 million followers worldwide. The founder, Guru Nanak Dev, was bornRead MoreEssay about A Christian View of Suffering1562 Words   |  7 Pages The concept of suffering plays an important role in Christianity, regarding such matters as moral conduct, spiritual advancement and ultimate destiny. Indeed an emphasis on suffering pervades the Gospel of Mark where, it can be argued, we are shown how to journey through suffering (Ditzel 2001) in the image of the Suffering Son of Man (Mark 8:32), Jesus Christ. Although theologians have suggested that Mark was written to strengthen the resolve of the early Christian community (Halpern 2002Read MoreWhat Is A Religion?1317 Words   |  6 Pagespractices include Sunday service, reading bible, praying regularly, and pilgrimages to hold the community together and have a strong relationship with God. Christians also have a strong devotion to saints. In Buddhism, people practice detachment from everything that is impermanent; they believe that desire and attachment to something is the root of suffering and evil. Judaism is a religion that remembers the past and looks forward to the future . Some of Jewish key practices include candle lighting, prayersRead MoreHow Does The Worldview Of Theism Differ From A Biblical Worldview?1588 Words   |  7 Pages READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS #2 BIBL2003: Biblical Perspectives How does the worldview of theism differ from a biblical worldview? A theist believes in all-powerful Holy God(s). He believes that God(s) created the universe and also that we have a soul that lives eternally, either in heaven or hell. The big difference whether they believe Jesus is the Messiah. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are all considered monotheistic faiths, believing in one Supreme Being, but there are great differencesRead MoreReligion Is A Misrepresentation Of The Christian Perspective948 Words   |  4 PagesReligion is a misrepresentation of the Christian perspective where men decide to use works and deeds to enter Heaven. Many government officials back in Jesus’ time aggressively took the message of God to turn into a confusing issue that would separate the Christian faith into different denominations. The denominations consider the Christian faith with their own perspective on controversial doctrines, such as Baptism, speaking in tongues, demon possession, or celebrating certain holidays. Our societyRead MoreThe Belief Of God, Jesus Christ, And The Modern Scholars Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics. The paper also explains the primary cause of human suffering and the possible ways of redeeming themselves from the bondage of the suffering they are going through. The paper also presents the various perspectives shown by Christians and the non-Christians concerning the Christian life. Discussion The Christian worldview is termed as the intellectual and conceptual framework by which the world organizes and interprets their Christian living experience. It involves reviewing pantheism and naturalismRead MoreHealth Care Provider and Faith Diversity1538 Words   |  7 Pageswe know what we know, and how we know right from wrong. These two religions even have a different idea on what we are supposed to achieve or do during our life time. Due to these differences, people of these religions have a different spiritual perspective on healing and they would like to be cared for by the doctors and nurses in different ways. This is why it is important for health care providers to understand each religion. Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity: First Draft Introduction ChristianityRead MoreCompare and Contrast Hebrews, James, and 1 Peter1210 Words   |  5 Pagesto their length. They complement the thirteen Pauline Epistles by offering varying perspectives on the richness of Christian truth. Each of the five authors – James, Peter, John, Jude, and the author of Hebrews – made a distinctive contribution from his own point of view. Like the four harmonizing approaches to the life of Christ portrayed in the Gospels, these writers provide a sweeping portrait of the Christian life as a whole and how it should be lived out. Although Paul’s epistles are excellent

Honor as the Theme in Homer’s The Iliad Essay - 2033 Words

There are different forms and examples of exemplary and classic literature which have been deemed as significant works that are highly esteemed worldwide. These examples of literature would awe the world with how much literary skill they entailed when they were composed and written: attention to details as to formation of characters, the most crafty of plots, the most eloquent speeches and lines, the most astounding of twists of scenes, and most of all, the most universal and meaningful of themes. The theme of any literary work is what makes it great as it should be able to encompass the immense diversity of the world and as it would be able to transcend the boundaries of religion, age, race, gender, etc. Two examples of this great and†¦show more content†¦While this circumstance may be easy enough to understand, such setting or background in the plot actually entails more history: Even before Paris was born, a prophecy was carried out that the handsome prince would cause th e destruction of Troy; thus, King Priam and his queen banished the baby to be raised in the wilderness. Later on, as a shepherd, he encountered the three goddesses, Hera, Pallas Athene, and Aphrodite, and set the motion of what would be the war that extinguished the Trojan line—Paris was to decide who is the most beautiful of the goddesses. Each goddess tried to bribe him with promises of power, riches, fame, and glory, but it was Aphrodite who succeeded in the end as she promised Paris that he can have the most beautiful mortal, Helen. This simple arrangement would then serve as the catalyst of a war that would kill thousands of Trojans and Greeks as soon it is revealed that Paris has stolen Helen and the gods and goddesses of Olympus have each taken sides on the war which would further complicate the lives of the people of Troy and Greece. (Buck Jr. , 11-12) The Iliad opens in the predicament of the Greeks who have somehow incurred the wrath of the gods. It is here that Aga memnon, supreme commander of the Grecian army, demand that Achilles give up his â€Å"prize† (Briseis) to replace his own â€Å"prize† (Chrysies) which he has to give up to appease the gods. Agamemnon has toShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Glory And Glory In The Iliad1054 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Glory and Honor in Homer’s Iliad Thesis: Great honor comes with great responsibility. Glory should come with wisdom. Homer presents this idea in various ways. This theme is woven through The Iliad showing the foundation of dignified heroes and self-glorification. Introduction: I. Honor and glory A. Heroic actions B. God-like glory II. Social Status A. Greek Society B. Recognition and influences III. Mortality and immortality A. Glory after death B. Ongoing honor Conclusion Read MoreThe Era Of Homer By Homer911 Words   |  4 Pagesand they were put into writing by others. Homer’s stories show us the first glimpse of documented information of Greek myth and religion. Most important was the creation of Homer’s writing style named the Homeric epic. He was the first author to write epics and his writing style held strongly as the first major literature of its type in western civilization. Homer is considered a groundbreaking author of his time period because of his reoccurring themes and characteristics, his creation of the epicRead MoreGreek Mythologies: Gods and Mortals in Greek Literature1714 Words   |  7 Pagessociety; however, the role of the divinities in human affairs is particularly accentuated in most, if not all, Greek mythologies. Nevertheless, each author displays the role of divinities and supernatural differently, as Homer in The Odyssey and The Iliad displays direct interaction between the supernatural divinities and th e mortals. On the other hand, Sophocles’ Antigone lessens such interactions and emphasizes the human role, while Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War completely ignores theRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Epic Of The Iliad And Odyssey903 Words   |  4 PagesWith this personal narrative, I will analyze two themes from Homer’s epic’s pertaining to the Iliad and the Odyssey. I have chosen hospitality (Xenia) and shame (Aidos) as the subject of interest, and will focus on these as a main source of the topic. Xenia is the ancient Greek word for â€Å"hospitality†, which is the consideration and kindness shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing xenia upon them. The rituals of hospitality created and conveyed a reciprocalRead MoreMorality In Hesiod And Homers Theogony And The Iliad763 Words   |  4 PagesIn ancient Greece, the two poets Hesiod and Homer wrote dramatic stories outlining the nature of the Greek gods with their main works Theogony and The Iliad. They each offer descriptions of order, morality, and justice in the world, but there is a stark difference between each author’s work; Homer’s mythology features much more authoritative deities than Hesiod’s, ultimately establishing a more political, absolutist social order. The gods’ interactions with each other and with the human world areRead MoreIliad - Self image1193 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Iliad Essay Prompt 1. Complete one take home essay. Provide textual evidence, specific lines and incidents from The Iliad that proves your thesis. You may also draw from The Odyssey. Use in text parenthetical documentation according to MLA standards. The style guide that many colleges use is DianaHacker.com. We will use this style guide for both MLA format and grammar and mechanics. If you have any questions about MLA format, refer to DianaHacker.com. This paper needs to read asRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad 1382 Words   |  6 PagesRyan Doerhoff History of Greece Dr. Kirkland September 5, 2014 Document Analysis The primary documents that will be focused on in this analysis come from Homer’s Iliad. Homer is venerated today as the greatest of Greek epic poets, as his works had a colossal impact on the history of literature. Through his epics, Homer brings us first hand into the culture of the Greek world in the eighth century B.C. It is important to note that at this time very few had the privilege of an education, and lackedRead MoreHonor, Glory, Legacy Of The Iliad1735 Words   |  7 PagesHonor, Glory, Legacy How important is it to be honored? To gain glory in this life? To secure a lasting legacy? To the Greeks and Trojans in Homer’s famous epic, The Iliad, these were the most important things in life. The Greeks of Homer’s time believed that personal honor and glory was just that, personal. Honor and glory belonged to the individual who was skilled and accomplished enough to obtain it for himself. This honor and glory was held in the highest regard, and the worldview that honorRead More The Character Achilles in Homers The Iliad993 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character Achilles in Homers The Iliad The first book of The Iliad, appropriately titled the Rage of Achilles, sets the scene for the remainder of the epic (selu.edu/Academics/Depts/WritingCenter/The_Growth_of_Achilles.htm). This rage is invoked by pride, a theme of pivotal importance for the Greeks. Pride is the source of the conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon in Book 1. The incident that provoked Achilles rage took place in the tenth and final year of the Achaean attack on TroyRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 Pagesand Akhilleus’ State of Affairs in Homer’s Iliad Existentialism is a philosophy that deals with human existence. This philosophy is a complex subject that asks questions about life that include meaning, purpose, choice, morality, ideology, and individuality. When reading other texts one could easily make connections to existential themes within the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the books that comprise of

Analysis Kite Runner Free Essays

The Kite Runner was written by Khaled Hosseini who tells a story of a boy who lived in Kabul, and eventually moved to America. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini explains that every action you take in life has a consequence, he shows us through the examples of turmoil in Amir’s life. Amir had two major decisions to make that determined the outcome of his life along with the ones surrounding him. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Kite Runner or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first was Amir’s decision to keep his silence and his refusal to share a hideous act that he saw and hid from. The second was his decision to go back to his homeland in Kabul, and try and make right what he did. Khaled shows us that each decision we make in life has a consequence, he shows an example of this with Amir’s decision to keep silent and not tell his father or anyone that he had seen Hassan get raped. Hassan eventually tells Ali that he had gotten raped. After an incident in the house Ali tells Baba (Amir’s Father) â€Å"Life here is impossible for us now, Agha sahib. We’re leaving† (106). At this time Amir could choose to tell his father everything that he saw, and everything that Assef did. He chooses to let Hassan and Ali leave thinking it will make life easier for him. The consequence of this action leads to Hassan living a separate life from Amir, which in turn leads to Hassan’s murder. Each choice that Amir made had a consequence whether good or bad, there was a consequence. The second decision Amir made, was to return back to Kabul. Amir’s choice would have many life altering consequences. Amir’s decision to return to Kabul helped him learn that Hassan was his half-brother and that he had a nephew. When Amir decided to go rescue Sohrab from Assef, for the first time in years Amir’s pain and turmoil would finally be healed. This healing came from the pain he should have received from standing up to Assef in the alley way when they had cornered Hassan. When Assef and Amir fought and Amir was getting beat badly he thought â€Å"I felt healed. Healed at last† (289). The last time Amir had felt this way right before he saw Hassan get raped. Amir’s decision to return to Kabul gave Amir the opportunity to be healed and rescue his half-brother’s son. In the human life people are faced with many decisions, a very good example of this is within Amir’s life. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini explains that every action you take in life has a consequence, through the examples of turmoil in Amir’s life. With every decision and every action we make there is a consequence. The biggest decision in Amir’s life was to keep his silence and his refusal to share hat he saw happen to Hassan. He chose not to tell his father or anyone in his childhood life, because of this Hassan and Ali leave Amir and Baba. They go on a separate path from Baba and Ahmir. The second was Amir’s choice to return to Kabul to search for Sohrab and rescue him from an orphanage. This led to Amir’s healing and ability to be truly happy again. The story The Kite Runner shows us that each choice we make has a conse quence whether it is good or bad there is always a consequence. How to cite Analysis Kite Runner, Essay examples

A study guide free essay sample

Grading Criteria and Feedback Students will be marked according to the detailed grading criteria located at the end of this section of the Subject Learning Guide. Feedback will be provided to the group within three weeks of the submission date. This feedback is to be incorporated into Assessment Task 2: Group Presentation. Description of Task The assessment task requires students to critically evaluate the theories of uncial accounting. It gives the students the opportunity to demonstrate their level of understanding of the conceptual background to accounting practice and regulation. In order to complete this task, students will be allocated to groups from within their tutorial. Assessment Task 2 week 8 20% The test will be conducted during the week 8 lecture. Details of the time and place of the test will be provided closer to the date. Grading Criteria and Feedback The questions are interactive requiring input from the student, based on information supplied. The students performance will be accessed automatically by the system and a mark out of 10 will be allocated on completion of each online task. We will write a custom essay sample on A study guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If requested, feedback and additional help will be provided by the lecturer. Description of Task The aim of this assessment task is to give students the opportunity to demonstrate their level of understanding at the mid-point of the semester.This should highlight to students whether they need to spend more time engaging with the subject material in order to have sufficient understanding to satisfactorily complete the subject. The test will comprise of Multiple Choice Questions ONLY and may include questions from topics 4, 5, 6 and 7. Students who fail to sit the mid-semester test at the scheduled time will be awarded zero (O) marks for this piece of assessment. Assessment Task 3 SILOS Assessed Students must provide a brief report to the lecturer, prior to the presentation, detailing how they have incorporated feedback from Assessment Task 1 into their presentation. Grading Criteria and Feedback provided to group members at least one week prior to the final examination.Incorporating feedback received from Assessment Task 1, students are squired to present their findings from Assessment Task 1 to the tutorial group. Students will work in the same group as per Assessment Task 1 and all group members are expected to participate in the oral presentation. Assessment Task 4 1, 2,3 The examination will be held during the exam period. Students should consult the examination timetable for date, time and room details. Grading Criteria and Feedback the end of this section of the Subject Learning Guide. Students must obtain at least 40% on the final examination and achieve a minimum aggregate mark of 50% for the subject in order to gain a passing grade for the subject.The final grades in the subject and in each of the assessment tasks will be allocated according to the following: AI- 100% B: 70- 79%C: 60 D: 50 N: 49% or less The final examination will consist of 15 minutes reading time and 3 hours writing time. The final examination will cover all parts of the course, unless otherwise advised. It will consist Of short answer theory and practical questions requiring calculations and the recording of accounting journal entries. Students will NOT be permitted to bring any printed or handwritten material into the final examination. Students are allowed to bring a on-programmable calculator. Further details regarding the format and allowable materials of the final examination will be advised closer to the date of the examination.Detailed Grading Criteria Assessment Task 1 : Group Report Criteria Standard (N, 0-49% etc) (D, 50-59%, etc) (C, 60-69%, etc) (B, 70-79%, etc) (A, 80-100%, etc) 1. 1 Understanding of relevant theories, disciplinary content and regulation Inaccurate or inappropriate choice/application of theories. Failed to apply or inappropriately applied Standards and/or guidelines Fair attempt at application of theories. Applied some Standards and/or guidelines appropriately Key theories are applied in an appropriate and straightforward manner. Applied appropriate Standards and (or guidelines to the main issues. Insightful and appropriate application of key theories. Standards and/or guidelines appropriately applied to the issues Demonstrates integration and innovation in the application of theory.

The Future and Strategies of Apples Brand

The Future of Apple’s Brand Apple Incorporation is a leading producer and marketer of innovative products. The company’s brand is acceptable in every part of the world. Apple succeeded because of Steve Jobs’ leadership skills. Many economists have examined why the company’s brand might be in jeopardy. The success of Apple’s brand depends on the strategies employed by its leaders and managers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Future and Strategies of Apple’s Brand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Phil Schiller is a professional leader at the company. Schiller safeguards the company’s brand reputation (Burrows Satariano, 2012). Schiller shares most of Steve Jobs’ skills, impulses, and passions. Apple should use its capabilities in order to produce new products (Finch, 2012). The future of Apple’s brand depends on the marketing strategies ad opted by its current managers. Steve’s death will affect the company’s brand if the current leaders do not support the best business practices. Apple Incorporation should use the best adverts and marketing methods in order to achieve its goals. The above approach will ensure support the company’s brand. Strategies that Apple can Use to Prevent Going Down According to some theorists, Apple might go down if the current leaders use the wrong business practices. Apple Incorporation should use a generic strategy in order to achieve its goals. The company can use cost leadership in order to remain profitable. Cost leadership focuses on the best production and marketing practices. Cost leadership reduces the expenses incurred by every business. Apple can use cost leadership in order to produce the best products. The company should also use its outsourcing strategy in order to produce quality products (Yoffie Kim, 2010). The company should also attract and maintain its customers. Apple Incorporation should also use the best segmentation processes in order to achieve its marketing goals. Apple Incorporation should use a competitor-based pricing approach in order to market its innovative products. The pricing strategy will make the company’s â€Å"products are competitive in the market† (Finch, 2012, p. 59). The other strategy is to identify the changing needs of every customer. This approach will ensure every marketer focuses on the social needs of every customer. The marketing strategy should also support the company’s vision. The above strategy will make Apple a competitive business firm.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apple Incorporation’s Future The future of Apple depends on the goals and practices implemented by its leaders. According to Burrows and Satariano (2012, p. 2), â€Å"many people at A pple are against Schiller’s conservative business approach†. Apple’s brand name will continue making Apple successful. Every customer is ready to purchase the company’s products. The company should also the best adverts in order to attract more customers. The above approach will also support Apple’s brand. Phil Schiller and his team should use the best business strategy in order to make Apple a profitable retailer in the United States. The company is also working hard in order to produce innovative products. The company’s innovative smartphones and PCs will address the needs of every global customer. The company continues to market its innovative products to its customers. Apple Incorporation should also support the needs of its employees. The practice will increase the company’s competitive advantage (Finch, 2012). The above generic and marketing strategies will also make the firm profitable. This paper explains why Apple Incorporatio n will remain successful. The corporation’s managers should use the best leadership strategies in order to achieve every goal. Reference List Burrows, P., Satariano, A. (2012). Can Phil Schiller Keep Apple Cool? Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-06-07/can-phil-schiller-keep-apple-cool#p2 Finch, J. (2012). Managerial Marketing. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Inc. Yoffie, D., Kim, R. (2010). Apple Incorporation in 2010. Harvard Business School, 1(1), 1-25.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Future and Strategies of Apple’s Brand specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on The Future and Strategies of Apple’s Brand was written and submitted by user Giselle Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Eng Annotated Bibliograph Essays - Educators, Teach For America

Eng Annotated Bibliograph Essays - Educators, Teach For America Professor Voll Eng 105 31 Mar 2015 107 Annotated Bibliography Thesis: In todays world, a lot of students are not receiving the quality education they deserve because the lack of successful teachers. Many students who live in high area's schools are getting an excellent education they need in order to be successful in the future, opposed in urban community students lack the quality of a good education. However, this has significantly changed from an organization Teach for America, which was established to ensure students who are living in poverty have the same opportunity to have access to higher education. Behrman, Jere R., and Nevxer Stacey. The Social Benefits of Education. Michigan: U of Michigan, 1997. Print. This book, The Social Benefit of Education discusses the advantage and benefits of a good education. The population are potentially considerable and has changed many lives of students. The increase of education is highly getting strong and positive in terms of correlating with the measure of health, strong families, childrens wellbeing, a good clean environment and a host of many more things. The book The Social Benefits of Education talks about the correlation and government intervention regarding education. This is considered to be a useful source to implement into my research paper. It contains information that is relevant to my topic, such as how education is a way to benefit students and teachers in so many ways in term of professional and personal life. Spring, Joel H. American Education. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. Print This book is a great source because it pertains to my topic and talks about the power and the importance of education. How children need to be taught effectively in order to learn and grow as human beings. The author writes that education was a meaning for keeping a county in line. It is imperative to have students understand society needs an education and problems that cause lack of education. Joe Spring also addressed education and equality. In one of his chapters he focuses on student diversity in America. The majority of the nations is seeing a great increase in diversity in terms of families that relocate for job opportunities, improved political conditions, or illegal immigrations. Spring discusses also the current diverse population has made dramatic improvement. He really talks about a variety of things in the book. I think this source provides a ton of good information that can enhance my research paper. Hammond, Darling. "Does Teacher Preparation Matter? Evidence about Teacher Certification, Teach for America, and Teacher Effectiveness." Http://eric.ed.gov. N.p., Oct. 2005. Web. 28 Mar. 2015. In this article, studies have shown the great usage of Teach for America teachers are on the edge of being as effective and competitive as teachers in general who have certification for teaching. In other words, there has been a debate on how TFA teachers are considered to be more successful than teachers who has been through the process of testing and training requirement for a certification. The article also tells how the data shows Teach for America teachers are candidates that are from rigorous, selective universes, where they are required to receive weeks of training prior to teachingare as effective as similar teachers who are experienced, certified teachers. This article demonstrates that Teach for America teachers have been proved to be a good well-educated and a good resource for children in a successful matter, regardless. This is a good thing because TFA teachers are not considered to be certified teachers and still are able to perform well as other teachers. This is a g ood, very useful source for my research paper. It talks about the greatness of TFA teachers and how they are able to be successful just like a typical teacher who is certified to teach. It also goes on to relating to my topic, because my research paper is going to be regarding children who are living in poverty are not able to attain a good education. However, education equity that children are facing stops when TFA teachers are established to make an impact and change in children's lives. Teach for America organization is not only helping their teachers become more successful and gain leadership skills, but also have a huge impact on

Tuberculosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tuberculosis - Essay Example The disease is spread by people who have the disease when they either cough, sneeze, spit, or talk. One sneeze can send about 40,000 droplets full of the infection. A person with the disease can spread it to 10-15 people a year with prolonged contact. Tuberculosis is often a difficult disease to diagnose, because of how hard it is to grow the bacterium inside laboratory conditions. Various tests must be done, including x-rays, smears, cultures, skin tests, as well as a look at past medical history. New ways of faster more accurate types of detection of the disease are underway, hoping these quicker ways of detection can help with controlling the disease. Treatment for the drug is given in the form of antibiotics. Long terms of these antibiotics are needed in order to clear the entire bacterium from the body, and is often treated with a combination of antibiotics. However, there are risks involved when combining the different antibiotics, even thought it is helpful incase the bacterium becomes drug resistant to one of the antibiotics. Even with the fast spreading nature of the disease, prevention is still underway. In 1993, the World Health Organization declared that the fast spreading Tuberculosis disease was in fact a global health emergency, and a global plan has gone into effect which aims to save lives from Tuberculosis between 2006-20015. The prevention of Tuberculosis is split into two waves of attack. In the first wave, people who are known to have Tuberculosis are treated, and all people with immerse contact with that person are also found and treated. The second step in prevention the spread of the deadly disease is vaccines. Vaccines are given to children; however an effective vaccine is not available for adults. In some countries, the vaccines is being required to be given to all children under the age of three to try to combat the rapidly spreading bacterium. Several new methods of preventing the disease are also underway. One such

What is a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is a Woman - Essay Example Kant described a woman in terms of everything beautiful in this world. He believed that they contain chief ground for the contrast between the beautiful and noble qualities in human nature. He also believed that females have the ability to refine the males. In my opinion, human generation advanced a lot from the Kant era and if Kant lived in the twenty-first century, he would have definitely changed some of his opinions. Females have no hesitation in doing evil acts now. Former Indian Prime Minister Mrs. Gandhi was even dared to declare an emergency in the country in order to silence her critics and to suppress the rights of the people. Many of the evil acts in this world at present are performed by the males because of the persuasion of the females. If we cannot define a woman in terms of female qualities or behaviors, then we have only one option left; define the woman in terms of their genetic differences. Simon de Beauvoir argued that â€Å"if today femininity no longer exists, then it never existed† (Beauvoir, p.87). In other words, Simon de Beauvoir believes that femininity has not changed over the years. Simon de Beauvoir’s opinions are right only if we define femininity in terms of physical attributes. It is a fact that the physical characteristics of woman have not been changed over the years. However, the same thing cannot be said about the mental characteristics or qualities of females as described by Immanuel Kant. The modern woman has no hesitation in doing everything just like their male counterparts. ... Many of the evil acts in this world at present are performed by the males because of the persuasion of the females. If we cannot define a woman in terms of female qualities or behaviours, then we have only one option left; define the woman in terms of their genetic differences. Simon de Beauvoir argued that â€Å"if today femininity no longer exists, then it never existed† (Beauvoir, p.87). In other words, Simon de Beauvoir believes that femininity has not changed over the years. Simon de Beauvoir’s opinions are right only if we define femininity in terms of physical attributes. It is a fact that the physical characteristics of woman have not been changed over the years. However, same thing cannot be said about the mental characteristics or qualities of females as described by Immanuel Kant. Modern woman has no hesitation in doing everything just like their male counterparts. In fact they are arguing for equality in every respect and they see not differences in abilitie s of mental characteristics of males and females. They are no longer the entities which look only the beautiful side of life. Current woman are actively participating in most of the male dominant professions. Even in militaries of many countries, women play a vital role in wars and other military functions. Many of the biggest organizations in the world have women CEO’s at present. PepsiCo is one best example. In short, current women argue for equality with males in every respect and they succeeded in achieving it up to certain extent. Under such circumstances, femininity lost its meanings in the modern society. In short, if femininity or woman is defined in terms of genetic differences (ovaries and uterus), we can safely conclude that

Types of Sub-Contractors

Types of Sub-Contractors 1.1 Introduction A sub-contractor has its own principal obligation to carry out his own sub contract work and complete in accordance to sub-contract documents. Contractor rarely complete a building all by himself without the help of a sub-contractor. A nominated sub-contractor has a contract under contractor who is usually instructed to construct the part of the building work under his expertise such as plumbing, electrical, roofing, cement work and plastering. A sub-contractor may be in individual or an incorporated company who perform his job partly in the project. According to Alberta Labour Relations Board (2002), when an officer is trying to decide which party is the true employer, it does not matter if the subcontractors work is: Part of an existing contract Contract between a general contractor and an owner Portion of work the owner is carrying n the owners account Under the standard form of the JCT contract there are 3 types of subcontractor: Domestic subcontractor A sub-contractor chosen from the list by the contractor becomes a domestic sub-contractor. Contractor will remain his responsible for domestic sub-contractor works and for any defects therein to the employer. Nominated subcontractor The principal acts as the middle man between the sub-contractor and the main contractor, whereby he independently invites tenders as sub-contractors and handles the negotiation of the subcontract and hence the main contractors are directed by the principal to enter into a subcontract with the subcontractor selected on terms and condition negotiated by the principal. Named subcontractors The employer is involved hands-on in the process of inviting and selecting tenders and after the final decision on the sub-contractor, the employer instructs the main contractor to enter into the sub-contract with that respective company. According to Chappell (2007), are 2 situations where a person to be ‘named Where work is included in the contract documents and priced by the contractor to be carried out by a person named in the documents Where there is a provisional sum and the architect issues an instruction naming a person to carry out the work it represents. 2.0 Review of appointing a specialist contractor JCT 98 A contractor and sub-contractor has a common relationship in construction industry where the responsibility to complete a building relies on contractor. Sub-contractor will enter into a contract by signing a contract with contactor and provide part of the building work to the sub-contractor by contractor. According to Standard Form of Building Contract (1998), a nominated contractor is being nominated when the Architect/the Contract Administrator uses a prime cost sum or by naming a sub-contractor, reserved to himself selection and approval of the sub-contractor to the Contractor who shall supply and fix any materials or goods or execute work, the sub-contractor so named or to be selected and approved be nominated in accordance with the provisions of clause 35 and a nominate sub-contractor should be Nominated Sub-Contractor. If a Contractors tender has been accepted he should not sub let his work to a Domestic Sub-Contractor without the consent of the Architect/the Contract Administrator. Clause 13.1 nomination of a sub-contractor to supply and fix materials or goods to execute work of which the measured quantities have been set out and priced by the Contractor in the Contract Bills fir supply and fixing or execution by the Contractor. Any variation under clause 13.2 Nominated Sub-Contractor in connection under such additional work is of a similar kind to supply and fixing of materials or the execution of work for which the Contract Bills provided that the Architect/the Contract Administrator would nominate a sub-contractor 2.2 Procedure appointing a specialist contractor JCT has issued some following documents which related to Nominated Sub-Contractors and are referred in the Conditions by the use either of the name or the identification term. According to standard form of building contract (1998) the following procedure is the Standard Form to nominate a Sub-Contract Tender 1998 Edition (NSC/T): Part 1: The Architect/the Contract Administrator will send an invitation to tender a Sub-Contractor Part 2: Tender by a Sub-Contractor Part 3: A Contractor and nominated Sub-Contractor under clause 35.5 will agreed into particular conditions Therefore the following steps are to nominate a sub-contractor should be: Architect/the Contract Administrator will complete the invitation to standard tender of Part 1 NSC/T and together with relevant section of employer/nominated sub-contractor agreement, NSC/W. A complete drawings/specification/bill of quantities describing the work will send to the tenderer. In part 2 Sub-Contractor and Employer signed as approved together with a copy of the numbered tender documents listed in and enclosed with NSC/T part 1 together with any additional documents and/or amendments where have been approved by the Architect/the Contract Administrator and to execute the warranty NSC/W The Architect will then nominate the sub-contractor using the standard nomination, NSC/N instruction to the main contractor. A copy of the invitation tender and the successful sub-contractors tender will be submitted to main contractor, the drawings/specification/bills of quantities on which the tender was bases and the executed warranty. Once the main contractor has received the documents, in within 7 days he should make a reasonable objection to the selected tenderer in writing. If main contractor fails to do so, he will tend to reach an agreement with the selected tenderer on the ‘Particular Conditions in Part 3 of NSC/T. When the Particular Conditions has been reached, contractor and sub-contractor will sign Part 3 of NSC/T and execute the sub-contract agreement articles, NSC/A which incorporate by the reference the sub-contract conditions NSC/C Lastly, a copy of NSC/T Part 3 and NSC/A signed by the contractor will submit to Architect for his records. 3.0 Review of appointing a specialist contractor Post JCT 2005 3.1 Review on a specialist contractor Post JCT 2005 Based on JCT SBC 05, there is no longer nominated sub-contractor in the contract due to numbers of problems arise because when a project is not ready to start work on the commence date, sub-contractor uses this opportunity to demand for extra money. Therefore there are only domestic sub-contractors in Standard Building Contract (SBC). 3.2 Procedure appointing specialist contractor Under JCT SBC05 clause 3.7 stated contractor should not without the consent of Architect/Contract Administrators sub-contract the whole or part of the work to a sub-contractor. He should responsible carrying and completing the Works in all respect in accordance with Contract Documents which is the same condition in JCT SBC 98 under clause 35.2. Furthermore, it stated if there is a Contractors designed Portion, Contractor should not sub-contract the design without Employers consent and should not in affected his obligations as a Contractor. Employer can narrow in choosing sub-contractor when the â€Å"work must be measured or describe adequately in some other way in the bills of quantities so that it can be priced by the contractor.†(Chappell, 2007) When selecting a domestic sub-contractor, the lists must at least contain three names to be chosen by the contractor to carry out the work in project. Employer or contractor may add in additional to the list before an agreement to a sub-contract is entered into respect of particular work. Architect will ensure that the list of domestic sub-contractors are willing and has the expertise to carry the work. Once the main contract is let, additional names are still able to be added where it has given a maximum opportunity for the contractor to take advantage on the competitive prices. If there is a circumstance before entered into a binding contract where the list name is below three therefore: Employer and contractor must agree on the addition of the names must contain at least three in the list Or, contractor carries the work by naming himself in the list and may sub let his work later with architects consent Lastly, a sub-contractor is chosen form the list by the contractor becomes a domestic sub-contractor where employer will not have responsibilities on domestic sub-contractor. Contractor will wholly responsible on domestic sub-contractor whether the â€Å"problems of delay, financial claims or termination of employment.†(Chappell, 2007) 4.0 Review the method of appointing a specialist contractor NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B) 4.1 Review the method of appointing a specialist subcontractor NEC 3 ECC 2005 The NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) 2005 (Option B) have been designed in order to sub-contract work to sub-contractor. A sub-contractor in NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B) has a contract with contractor in performing his duties such as Construct or install part of the works Provide a service necessary to provide the works or Supply the plant and materials which the person or organisation has wholly or partly designed specifically for the works Based on NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B) under clause 26.1 stated, Contractor is responsible in providing work to the sub-contractor regardless whether there is a sub-contract work. In NEC 3 ECC 2005 (Option B), Project Manager who is the one to approved whether a sub-contractor is allowed to enter a contract unlike in JCT SBC 98 and JCT SBC 05 where Architect in charge in approving sub-contractor. In order to have a sub-contractor, Contractor must submit the name of proposed Subcontractor to the Project Manager for acceptance. If there is a situation where a Project Manager does not accept a sub-contractor therefore Contractor is not allowed to Provide the works to sub-contractor until the Project Manager has accepted him into the contract which stated under clause 26.2. Before nominate a sub-contractor, according to NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contracts Option B (2005), Contractor is required to propose contract conditions for each sub-contractor to Project Manager for acceptance unless: an NEC contract is proposed the Project Manager has agreed no submission is required Contractor is not allowed to appoint a sub-contractor if the proposed contract conditions to the Project Manager is not accepted. If Project Manager rejects the Contractors proposal of the conditions in the contract regarding the subcontractor, it is because of: the conditions do not allowed Contractor to Provide works the conditions do not include a statement that the parties to the subcontract shall act in a spirit of mutual trust and co-operation. 5.0 Review of nomination sub-contractor in construction industry 5.1 Reasons to nominate sub-contractor According to Atkinson (1999), the reasons for nominating sub-contractor(s) into a project are: (a.) the nominated sub-contractor is selected by the employer (b.) the company choice which the employer wishes to use is in his hands and that decision is not required to be objected to pricing. (c.) in regards to the timing of involvement and appointment of sub-contractor(s), it is left to the employer to meet his requirements (d.) a nominated sub-contractors design expertise, contract knowledge and services coordination can be utilised since he can be involved in the early stage (e.) if required, the sub-contractor can be made part of the contract team and be fully involved in the project. (f.) the distinct line of responsibility to the employer is established through a clear contractual liability. (g.) the introduction of formal links between sub-contractors and the consulting engineer, promotes efficiency as architect, QS and employer time is saved since long chains of correspondences are absent and price, design, programme, and variation are acted quickly on. (h.) delays can be avoided by establishing direct links and involvement 5.2 Why nominated sub-contractor has been omitted? In JCT SBC 05, nominated sub-contractor has been omitted from the standard form due to it has caused problems arise. The main problem is having a conflict relationship between the main contractor and subcontractor where â€Å"one party and the responsibility for that choice being put on another party.†(Chappell, 2007) Furthermore, the reason sub-contractor has been omitted due to demand for extra money when a project is not ready to be started on the commencement date but if there is no law implied when is the commencement date therefore contractor must come up with a reasonable date. The numerous frequency of the existing business relationship occurrence between the nominated subcontractor and the client gave rise to the issue of nominated subcontractors dominating the construction industry since the overall pricing is under the influence of the nominated subcontractor which gives them the power to affect the overall construction cost. The reason behind the ability of the subcontractors to gain such power to influence pricing in the construction industry is because subcontractors are lacking competition amongst each other. 5.3 Appraising the advantages and disadvantages nominating Employer In nominating Employer, there advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Employer has the right to nominate his decision which sub-contractor to carry out the work Employer will have the power on sub-contractors design through early design stage. With warranty NSC/W Employer will have a direct contractual link with sub-contractor in design and selection of materials by sub-contractor. Disadvantages Employer has no right against main contractor if they were defected design caused by sub-contractor If there was a delayed caused by sub-contractor therefore contractor is entitled for to an extension of time and will not have to pay for liquidated damages as warranty NSC/W will recover damages caused by nominated sub-contractor Lack of management on site because contractor is not responsible delay by nominated sub-contractor Employer will bear all the extra cost when there is determination of nominated sub-contractor employments either default or insolvency except delay caused by architect taking reasonable time for renomination. 6.0 Conclusion In my opinion, JCT SBC 05 had omitted nominated sub-contractor which gives simpler to the construction industry. It is clearly defined with nominated sub-contractor in the industry it has caused numerous problems to the employer and main contractor. Therefore without sub-contractor, it will help to decrease the proper parts of the risks which they have received under the main contract for sub-contractor to create its own risk beyond contractors control. However, each standard form of contract has own critics towards nominating a sub-contractor whether it has benefited more to employer or contractor. 7.0 References Atkinso.D, (1999). Subcontracting [online] 1 June. http://www.atkinson-law.com/cases/CasesArticles/Articles/SubContracting.htm [Accessed 25 July 2009] Alberta Labour Relations Board, (2002). True Employer and Subcontractor [online] 1 June. http://www.alrb.gov.ab.ca/procedure/24(f)(ii).pdf [Accessed 25 July 2009] Brand, D., 2009. Contract nominations. [Online] 5 January. Available at: http://cmguide.org/archives/315 [Last accessed on 23 July 2009] Chappell, D. (2007). Understanding JCT Standard Building Contracts. 8th Edi. Taylor Francis. London New York. Karnick, M., 2009. Nominating the best project subcontractors. [Online] 12 July. Available at: http://cmguide.org/archives/1357 [Last accessed on 23 July 2009] Office Of Government Commerce (2005). NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract: Option B: Priced Contract with Bill of Quantities. 3rd ed., Great Britain, Bell Bain Limited. Price, J. (1994). Sub-Contracting under the JCT Standard Form of Building Contract. Macmillan. Standard Form of Building Contract (1998). Local Authorities with Quantities. Great Britain, The Joint Tribunal Limited

Cat in the Hat

Cat in the hat essay The Cat in the Hat movie is about Conrad, a twelve-year-old boy, who has two problems: he is constantly doing the exact opposite of what he is supposed to do and causing trouble, and Sally, Conrad's eight-year-old little sister, tries to stop his trouble making and is being rather bossy and perfect. This also relates to Freud’s Theory of the Mind, which states that our mind has 3 different aspects which influence the way we think, act and feel. They are: ego, superego and id. Conrad displays all three aspects throughout the movie that interfere with his mind. The first aspect which Conrad displays in the movie is id. In the beginning of the movie Conrad does what he wants and doesn’t listen to his mom to keep the house clean. When the mother comes home from work she says: â€Å"I asked you to do one thing today, Conrad, keep the house clean. Do you know how frustrating it is that you're always doing the exact opposite of what I say? † Conrad is found sliding down the stairs and wrecking the house which is the opposite of what his mother told him to do. Another example of how Conrad displays id throughout the movie is when the cat arrives and checks their brain the â€Å"phunometer,† Conrad is shown as a rule breaker. â€Å"Just as I suspected, you guys are both out of whack. You're a control freak, and you're a rule-breaker† this shows that Conrad breaks all the rules that are set for him. The third example of Conrad displaying id throughout the movie is when they sign the contract not thinking about what their mother said. Conrad says: â€Å"What about it? We signed the contract† This shows Conrad is not thinking about the consequences of the outcome and is basing his decision of his selfish desires. A fourth example of Conrad displaying id is when the cat tells him not to open the crate. I'm not usually a rules guy, but this is a biggie. â€Å"No opening the crate. † This shows that even thought the cat told Conrad not to open the crate; Conrad went ahead and did it anyway without thinking about what will happen. Therefore, Conrad displays several examples of id, which is what the mind wants without thinking about the consequences later and taking into consideration for reality. The second aspect of the mind Conrad displays throughout the movie is ego. In the middle of the movie after the house is ruined because of thing 1 and thing 2, Conrad decides to help get their dog back because it has the crate lock on it and without out, the whole house will be ruined. Conrad says: â€Å"We've gotta go out and find Nevins. † This shows that Conrad is making rational decisions to meet the needs of the id. A second example of Conrad displaying ego is when Conrad, Sally and the Cat set out to get their dog back and Conrad is driving, he says, â€Å"Wait! Two people can't drive at the same time. This shows Conrad is making the decision not to drive even though he wanted to he knew he is only 12 years old and is too young to drive and that two people cannot drive at the same time. A third example of Conrad displaying ego is when the mothers’ boyfriend goes to her office and tells her everything that has been happening while she was at work. Conrad says â€Å"we’re dead. This is all my fault. I'm such an idiot. Why do I alw ays have to do the opposite of what I'm supposed to? † this shows that Conrad is taking into consideration his actions and is recognizing that he does the opposite of what he is told. Therefore, Conrad displays ego continuously throughout the movie, he makes decisions but yet still attempts to meet the needs of the id while also taking into consideration the reality of the situation. The third and last aspect of the mind Conrad displays at the end of the movie is superego. An example of this would be when the cat tells Conrad and Sally that he planned the whole day. Both kids get upset and Conrad says Cat, â€Å"you need to get out. I don't know that game. † It's not a game. None of this is a game! † this is showing that Conrad is listening to his conscience and telling him that enough is enough. A second example of Conrad showing superego is when Conrad takes the blame for his actions at the end of the movie by saying â€Å"No. This was my fault. I'll take the blame. † This shows Conrad making an internal judgement by finally listening to his conscience and coming clean for his actions. A third and final example of Conrad displaying superego is when Sally and Conrad learn from their mistakes the cat comes back and says, â€Å"if Sally and Conrad should learn from their mistakes, the contract shall be reinstated. † This shows that Conrad listened to his conscience by doing what was right and helped clean p the house in time for his mothers’ party. Therefore, Conrad displayed superego at the end of the movie by trusting his conscience and his internal judgment and doing what was right for a change and changed from a â€Å"rule breaker† to â€Å"just right. † Finally, Conrad displayed id by not listening to his mother and doing the exact oppos ite of what he was told, he displayed ego by making decisions to fix things and superego by listening to his conscience and doing what was right. Conrad displayed all three aspects of Freud’s theory of the mind throughout the movie that lead him to becoming the hero in the end.

Publix

Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Volume 3, Number 4 A Retailer‘s Steady Growth Strategy: Should Publix Stay National Or Go Global? Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, (E-mail: [email  protected] edu), Nova Southeastern University Erica Franklin, (E-mail: [email  protected] edu), Nova Southeastern University ABSTRACT Publix Super Markets, Inc. is a Florida-based grocery chain which has over 120,000 employees and annual sales in 2005 of $20. 7 billion. Presently, Publix serves over one million customers every day and is one of the largest employee-owned companies in the world.Publix is one of Florida’s premier supermarkets and has responded to most cultural trends in the grocery market-organic foods; natural foods, health foods, ethnic ingredients, prepared meals, etc. Publix has enjoyed great success in the grocery industry and has expanded in many states. With the advent of globalization affecting almost every industry, the supermarket/food retailing in dustry has joined the trend. Domestic and international food retailers across the globe have begun to internationalize at a rapid rate and open operations around the world.However, as you will see, the growth of supermarket chains beyond their home countries has been done mostly by European and Asian companies. With the exception of Wal-Mart, few U. S. food retailers have expanded abroad. Currently there are no plans for Publix to expand internationally but this case seeks to examine the possibilities of Publix making a step toward going abroad and highlights the various factors in the global environment that may directly or indirectly affect the company. INTRODUCTION A of August 2006, Publix was operating 833 stores. Publix operates 642 stores in Florida, 164 stores in Georgia, 37 stores in South Carolina, 27 stores in Alabama, and 13 stores in Tennessee. Publix carries items ranging from food products to personal care and household goods. The company also has their own line of pri vate label goods that span the same spectrum. To better cater to their market and expand operations, Publix has also created new concept stores for its different target markets, Greenwise and Publix Sabor.The Greenwise store features organic produce and natural foods; Publix Sabor caters to the large Latin-American population in Central and South Florida and carries food products highly-demanded by these consumer. Publix has also moved into the restaurant business through their equity investment in Crispers, the fresh salad and sandwich meal concept-restaurant. In addition to the restaurant subsidiary, Publix Supermarkets Inc. , also owns seven other subsidiaries: 1) Publix Alabama, LLC; 2) PublixDirect, LLC; 3) Publix Asset Management Company; 4) Publix Tennessee, LLC; 5) Real Sub, LLC; 6) Lone Palm Golf Club, LLC; and 7) PTO, LLC.In 2001, Publix began online operations for its consumers for home delivery of groceries. However, its Broward County, FL and surrounding areas pilot pro grams failed to meet revenue and profit goals; so Publix Direct discontinued operations in August 2003 just short of two years after it was launched. The core of Publix‘s operations is the belief in doing everything for the customer. The company holds a superior belief that success lies in customer value and employee appreciation.They developed a policy of Customer Intimacy, which means that their guests need an intimate, professional, thorough, consistent, and disciplined method of serving customers that has become a normal way of doing business. See Table 1 for an evolution of Publix‘s growth since its inception. COMPANY EARNINGS In terms of financial success, in some years, Publix has outperformed the S&P 500 Index and the customer Peer Group Index with regards to return on investment. The Peer Group includes A&P, Albertson‘s, American Stores, Bruno‘s, Food Lion, Giant Foods, Hannaford Bros. , Kroger, Safeway, Smith‘s Food & Drug, Weis Markets, and W inn23Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Volume 3, Number 4 Dixie. Publix announced their 2005 annual results on March 2nd, 2006. Their sales for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2005, were $20. 6 billion. Net earnings for 2005 were $989. 2 million, compared to $819. 4 million for 2004 (Publix Announces 4th Quarter, 2006). Dividends for 2006 were $1. 00 up from 70 cents in 2004 and 40 cents in 2003, which shows that the efforts of Publix‘s associates to increase earnings via customer value enabled the firm to return an even higher profit to its private stockholders.The 2003 dividend was 40 cents per share, up from 33 cents per share in 2002. Publix CEO Charlie Jenkins Jr. expressed his thanks and appreciation to the firm‘s workers for their performance that helped increase value to customers and, as a result of which, ensured good financial results for the year. Year 1930 1940 1944 1950 1957 1959 1963 1971 1973 1974 1975 1980 1984 1986 1987 1 990 1992 1993 1994 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 Table 1 – The Publix Spirit Over The Years Accomplishments First Publix Super Market opened in Winter Haven, Florida.First store known as the ? marble, tile and stucco food palace? built in Winter Haven, featuring such revolutionary retail concepts as air conditioning, wide aisles, and electric-eye doors. Publix bought the 19-store chain of All American Food stores in Lakeland and moved the headquarters to Lakeland. New 70,000-square foot grocery warehouse built in Lakeland. Today this warehouse occupies over 2,000,000 square feet. Publix Employee Federal Credit Union opened in a Lakeland warehouse. Publix opened its first store in Miami and bought seven stores.Publix opened the Southeast Coast Headquarters and Distribution Center in North Miami. Two stores opened in Jacksonville. Publix opened the Bakery Plant and constructed the Produce Distribution Center in Lakeland. Publix sales passed $1 billion annually. Publix open ed Distribution Center and Division Office in Jacksonville. Publix Employee Stock Ownership Trust (ESOT) started this year. Publix celebrated 50 years of shopping pleasure. Dairy Processing Plant opened in Lakeland. Checkout scanning implemented chain-wide.It was during the early 1980‘s that Publix started being open on Sundays. Publix sales passed $3. 23 billion. According to Progressive Grocer, Publix‘s 2. 36% before tax net was the highest of top ten super market chains, 2 ? times better than Safeway – the industry leader. Publix opened its first Food and Pharmacy stores in Orlando and Tampa. Publix opened its Dairy Processing Plant in Deerfield Beach. Publix had 400 stores and 74,000 associates in Florida. Publix announced their expansion plans to Georgia and South Carolina.Implemented a company-wide Quality Improvement Process (QIP) and Work Improvement Now (WIN) tools for fact-based decision-making and employee empowerment. Sales were $8. 66 billion. Publix implemented a chain-wide Customer Intimacy program. Publix has sales of over $12 billion and 120,000 associates. Almost 600 stores in four states. Publix was ranked 132 on the Fortune 500. Charlie Jenkins Jr. replaced his cousin Howard as CEO of the company. Publix began opening stores in Nashville Tennessee. Publix makes initial investment in Crispers restaurant chain Publix develops ? oncept-stores‘-Greenwise & Publix Sabor ; Sales equal $20. 7 billion Publix stock splits one to five. Publix opens walk-in medical clinics at select grocery locations in Atlanta, Miami, Orlando and Tampa. Publix further expands with 6 new store openings between June and August: Huntsville, AL; Atlanta, GA; Jacksonville, FL(2); Sebastian, FL; Palm City, FL. Howard Jenkins, previous CEO of Publix, has been quoted in the past commenting on his company‘s dedication to customer value, ? Publix people have been working hard, preparing for an even grander vision of our future.Earlier in this dec ade, we committed ourselves to a mission to become the premier quality food retailer in the world. We introduced our own quality improvement process and later adapted a discipline of Customer Intimacy, which is helping us to listen more effectively to our customers. All of these initiatives have engaged the resourcefulness of thousands of associates from every area of our company. Together we are discovering powerful new methods for delivering customer value.? 24 Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 THE COMPANY Volume 3, Number 4A key differentiating factor in Publix‘s success formula can be attributed to the philosophy of its founder, Mr. George W. Jenkins who stated that ?†¦ some companies are founded on policy. This is wrong. Philosophy, the things you believe in, is more important. Philosophy does not change frequently †¦ and is never compromised †¦ we attempt to adapt a philosophy in such a way as to allow ordinary people to achieve the extraordinary †¦ to reach higher†¦ to look upon average with disdain.? The philosophy of caring for people has been embedded in Publix‘s corporate culture throughout its stores.Publix associates understand that they are not just in the grocery business but also in the people business. Therefore, taking care of associates, customers, suppliers, and community members is important to Publix people and the communities which they serve. Publix‘s Mission Statement very clearly states that Publix is passionately focused on customer value. Publix is committed to satisfying the needs of their customers as individuals better than their competition. Also, research shows that the majority of supermarket shoppers shop and visit supermarkets on a weekly basis.So, building a relationship with customers is a necessity as opposed to a luxury in order to stay aware of their needs and expectation. Publix associates are encouraged to interact with their customers on an hourly basis. Publix associates constantly attempt to keep their fingers on the pulse of the customer in order to get immediate and local feedback. One of the District Managers in the Central Florida region used to encourage, and in some cases require, his department managers to learn at least two customers‘ names, every day through face-to-face introduction and interaction.This is important because Publix employees serve their own communities and through this face-to-face interaction they can better determine customers‘ needs, wants, and desires faster than any research firm could ever do. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS At Publix, everything they do revolves around pleasing the customer; this is why they have enjoyed the kind of success they have had since the 1930's. Bill Fauerbach, Vice President of the Miami Division, said ? only we can give our customers a reason to shop elsewhere.?The President of Publix, Ed Crenshaw, during his first year in the office introduced four success driv ers for the company. The four drivers are: knowing the business, knowing the product, knowing the customer, and continuously training people. As a result, every department implemented different means of doing a better job with these four success drivers. A philosophy of employee appreciation has been embedded in the culture of the organization; so when the upper echelons visit retail stores, especially during appreciation week, they make it a point to personally see and thank every associate.One obstacle Publix is faced with is strong competition in the supermarket industry. For example, Wal-Mart, now the #1 retail grocer in the world, is opening major supercenters throughout Florida. However, Publix is not willing to concede their customers to the competition. As long as they take care of their customers better than anyone else, they will do well. The new generation of Publix leaders understands that complacency is their number one enemy; therefore they continue to focus and improv e on factors which have made them successful in the past.They further understand that delivering superior customer value is a race without a finish line in today‘s fast-paced world. Therefore, they never lose sight of caring for people, delivering quality products and service, and excellence in everything they do. They understand that people need recognition and sincere thanks for their hard work and commitment to the company. Publix has invested heavily in developing an internal professional development curriculum to develop associates‘ skills and help them assume greater responsibility and leadership roles at Publix.Most employees begin working for Publix at a young age and tend to stay there after college. While a college education is very important for leadership and management positions, Publix provides many continuous development opportunities and on-the-job training for their associates. The philosophy of Publix is not just to satisfy and delight customers one tim e; customers must be satisfied, delighted, and excited every time they visit or shop at their store. Publix associates are taught that customers are their most valued assets whom must be welcomed, cherished, and appreciated.Publix associates understand that if they cannot satisfy customer‘s requirements and meet their demands, the customer will cease to do business with them and may shop with other retailers. They remember that if they, as Publix associates, don‘t offer a great shopping experience for their customers then someone else will. Therefore, besides discussing many other valuable concepts, all retail associates are taught the 10-Foot and 10-Second Rules to help them quickly acknowledge customers. The 10-Foot rule states that one must acknowledge all customers that are within ten feet 25 Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007Volume 3, Number 4 of one‘s surroundings and the 10-Second rule states that these customers must be acknowledg ed within ten seconds of entering into the service counter area or the 10-Foot zone. Research in the supermarket industry indicates the factors that affect customer loyalty: ? ? ? ? ? The largest percentage of customers (68%) leave if they perceive an attitude of indifference. Some customers (14%) leave because they feel they can find better quality products and services elsewhere. Customers (9%) shop elsewhere because they think your prices are higher than your competitors.A few of the customers (5%) become friends with people who work for a competitor and take their business there. Some customers (3%) leave because they move to a different area. Publix Associates are also encouraged to use their daily observations, customer feedback, survey evaluation, and other data to improve their jobs, better serve their customers, and make Publix a better place ? where shopping is a pleasure. Publix teaches the principle of ? deliver plus 1%? which states that you must consistently meet your customers‘ shopping needs and then exceed their expectations by improving your service one percent.They believe in positively surprising the customer by over-delivering on what customers value. This principle further states that when you make a promise to a customer, you must be consistent and deliver all the time. It means before exceeding your customers‘ expectations, make sure you are satisfactorily meeting their needs. And if you promise any extra services, make sure you deliver as promised. Finally, Publix rewards top-notch service by implementing an awards program which shows associates how much management values their efforts to provide delightful service to customers.Delightful Service Awards are given for customer service that is over and above the minimum standards listed on the Observation Sheet for the area. Associates are expected to provide great customer service as part of the job requirement. The awards are given to associates who make the extra effort to delight customers who shop at Publix. To receive a Delightful Service Award associates must provide delightful service to a customer in a way that is formally recognized by either the customer, by a ? mystery shopper? who is purposely appointed by district management, or by a member of the store management team.Associates are trained and encouraged to set personal goals for themselves with regards to better serving customers and exceeding their expectations. They are asked to find out what they can do to increase and improve their personal commitment to customer intimacy. They are encouraged and rewarded for setting goals to increase their awareness of customers as well as customers‘ wants and needs. It is through these types of programs and committed people that Publix is able to offer its employees an environment ? where working is a pleasure? nd its customers an environment ? where shopping is a pleasure.? Publix associates‘ success with customers originates from the ir belief that no sale is final or complete until the meal is eaten and fully enjoyed. Then, they have made a positive and lasting impression. Publix‘s guarantee, which every associate is aware of, reads that ? we will never, knowingly disappoint you. If for any reason your purchase does not give you complete satisfaction, the full purchase price will be cheerfully refunded immediately upon request.?These are not just words to live by but they are moral imperatives for retailers which have made Publix the successful and innovative giant it is today. According to Howard Jenkins, member of the Publix board and retired CEO, ? growth is the end result of a simple equation. As each of us continues to please our customers, more customers will look to Publix for their shopping needs. We must never lose sight of exactly what those needs are.? Keeping their sight on the changing needs of their customers and effectively filling those needs have paid big dividends for Publix‘s cons istent growth and achievement over the years.As a result of the its continued efforts to grow through providing superior customer service and developing and retaining content employees, Publix was once again announced in 2005 a ? 100 Best Company to Work for? by Fortune magazine. Publix also received its 13 th award by Fortune Magazine as a ? Most Admired Company.? CURRENT TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL GROCERY INDUSTRY As the business world becomes smaller and firms look to expand their reach globally, managers are faced with the task of developing and implementing plans to make the next step to take their firm into the international arena. As 26Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Volume 3, Number 4 companies in other industries such as electronics, clothing, and food service have taken their companies abroad, a new trend has begun to emerge within the last decade—grocery chains and supermarkets expanding their companies internationally. The company leading t his trend is Wal-Mart which has expanded mostly to Europe and Latin America. However, this trend has been limited to foreign supermarkets expanding into the U. S. market such as Aldi, Tesco, and Famima. American grocery stores have not been very prevalent in the expansion of the industry globally.Tesco and Famima are looking to bring smaller scale grocery retail stores to the U. S. mostly concentrated on the West Coast in California. Famima, the Japanese grocer will offer Chinese and Japanese items which would be sure to please ethnic food seekers. There are a variety of reasons why some U. S. firms have been prompted to expand abroad. The main reason is because of competition in the form of consolidations of grocers. There are a variety of methods firms in the grocery industry use to reach the global market, the most popular being via acquisitions of smaller stores in the host nation.WalMart and IGA have both expanded their global reach through acquisitions. Tesco has expanded thei r company through the use of joint ventures, acquisitions, stand-alone operations and start-up concepts. Within the grocery industry, traditional grocers are beginning to stock items that normally do not dot the landscape of a grocery store such as non-food items and traditional retailers of non-food items are starting to sell food products. U. S. Grocery stores and supermarkets thinking of expanding abroad also have to contend with the food retailers in the host nations of both local and foreign firms.For example, hypermarkets are well known throughout Europe and Africa and sell lots of goods ranging from home improvement products to frozen foods; a small U. S. supermarket may have trouble competing with this type of store in an overseas market. Also Wal-Mart has introduced their concept grocery ? Neighborhood Center? stores in the U. S. which sell only food products; their strategy abroad involves the large supermarkets, which compete with the local hypermarkets. So not only does a small U. S. grocer have to compete with a local firm, it must compete with other foreign, mainly American firms as well. The rapid growth and development of ? upercenters? as evidenced by Wal-mart‘s grocery industry ascendancy is testament to the viability of hybrid formats (i. e. , grocery and general merchandise). Supercenters‘ sales exceeded $100 billion in 2000 (half of which was accounted for by the grocery side of the store). In another example, domestically, Wal-Mart has begun to add new organic food products to its shelves to attract more upscale buyers that would normally attend specialty organic markets or upscale supermarkets. In addition, the legendary furniture producer Ikea has recently decided to expand it specialty-foods segment and will begin selling the items in its stores.The firm has always sold food products and even operates a few restaurants. Retailers also are starting to develop new concept stores which bear the name and likeness of the parent store but cater to a particular ethnic group or food trend. Publix has their two chains, one Latin-oriented and the other organicoriented. Wal-Mart has also developed and expanded their ? Neighborhood Market? limited grocer concept. Over 20,000 new items are hitting the market every year and understanding the value of each product to each customer is no easy task.Therefore, the value of understanding, anticipating, and determining consumer preference cannot be overestimated. Changing effectively is a matter of keeping up with the demands of consumers, offering more value for the customer‘s dollar, being competitive, and creating raving fans. For example, Publix offers readymade meals which are a growing trend abroad, especially in Asia. Other countries view American brands as a welcome addition to their market place. For example, Japan is a large importer of foreign food supplies and a report out of Sweden recently found Japan as a viable market for foreign investment in food products and supplies.Food safety is becoming a major issue in the grocery industry. According to a Better Homes and Gardens panel study, only 20% of the panelists were very confident that the food they buy is safe to eat. Global activist group Greenpeace, has joined two other coalitions-True Food Now and GE-Free Markets-which are trying to convince two supermarket operators in California to stop using genetically engineered ingredients in their private label food lines. According to NBC Dateline investigation, seven of the nation's largest grocery store chains, operating more than 7000 tores in nearly every state, admitted to re-dating meats and fish after they had reached their original â€Å"sell-by† date. In the food retailing industry, leaders are paying more attention to ensuring that food products are safe and produced in a clean environment. According to the corporate quality assurance lab coordinator at Publix, their associates are constantly looking at all the risk factors associated with food quality, as well as food safety, while attempting to eliminate them. Firms in any industry operating abroad and at home must also be aware of health risks.The ever publicized, bird-flu, can affect how companies conduct operations. In one move, Publix announced that in case of a bird-flu epidemic in America, it would think about providing curbside delivery of goods to customers. In light of the health risks present to retailers and 27 Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Volume 3, Number 4 their food supplies, supermarkets must also craft procurement strategies to ensure the products selected to be sold in their stores are free from exposure to such elements prior to being stocked on the companies‘ shelves.Natural disasters also play a role in food safety as well. When a natural disaster strikes, cities and neighborhoods are often left without electricity and as a result, food establishments are not able to store their peris hable items because of the risk of spoilage and making customers sick. To counter this problem, Publix has prepared all of its South Florida stores for hurricane disasters by installing generators in these stores as part of its ? Business Recovery Program.?This move is seen as a way for the company to remain open during the aftermath of a storm and continue to serve their customers by hopefully reducing lost perishables inventory and helping to ensure that spoiled and tainted food products are not sold to their customers. Today‘s customers are increasingly more concerned and vocal about the quality and nutrition of the food they purchase. According to research, 70 percent of women and 54 percent of men say they consider nutrition to be an important factor in their consideration of food purchases. Once a niche category, organic foods are becoming increasingly mainstream as small, egional organic food-producing companies have been acquired by major manufacturers. Today‘s n utrition-conscious supermarket shoppers are checking labels as never before. The Food and Drug Administration is requiring that trans fat (trans fats are found in foods ranging from partially hydrogenated oils to fried foods, cookies, pastries, dairy products and meats) content appear on all food labels as of January 1, 2006. Finally, some manufacturers are considering the idea of offering ? functional foods? which are fortified with a growing number of popular herbs, vitamins, hormones and other healthy additives.The days of preparing complete meals at home are becoming a distant memory for most working people living in the United States and other developed nations. Today‘s time poor shoppers are opting for prepared foods such as precut produce, cooked dinners, and prepared takeout foods. Also, 77. 4 percent of the respondents purchase prepared foods to eat at home and 49 percent of those who eat at home said they do so because they are more careful about what they eat. It ha s been said that over 40 percent of all consumer spending on food is for meals that are eaten away from their homes.EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING GLOBAL EXPANSION Economic. The economy of the country affects companies if they decide to expand abroad and how they operate. The countries‘ monetary and economic policies could be discouraging to international investment such as currency controls; unstable exchange rates; high external debt, etc. A retail establishment might be affected by unstable currencies which could leave some customers unable to buy the companies‘ products and could hamper repatriation of profits back home. The type of economy a country operates under can also have an impact on foreign firms.For example, command, communist, socialist or market-oriented economies also pose different challenges to the multinational firm, and policies of these various economies will in effect determine companies‘ direction. Socio-cultural. Elements in the f oreign socio-cultural environment will affect decisions to locate abroad. There are various cultural norms that influence consumer behavior, company policies, marketing and product selection such as religion, ethnic norms, etc. The firm must look at new social and cultural trends in the global and country-specific environment and how they affect the market.Some social trends that have emerged in the food industry are healthy foods, organic and natural foods and gourmet take-out. Supermarkets wishing to expand abroad also must take note of regional and country preferences of the consumers in the host nation. What is normally for sale in the home market may be significantly different in the host nation; even more so than the differences in regional areas of the home country. Change is constant and ubiquitous throughout the supermarket industry because customers are becoming more knowledgeable and demanding.In today‘s market-based economy, customers want a variety of ethnic foods that are made with quality ingredients and represent their culture; therefore quality service must be aligned accordingly with the best prices in order to deliver superior value. Political/Legal. One of the biggest factors affecting expansion abroad is the level of political risk of a country and its legal environment. The level of political risk involved and its resultant effect on foreign firms are often taken into consideration before a company decides to locate in a foreign market. A new government may expropriate or nationalize 28Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Volume 3, Number 4 foreign owned property or all of the companies in a particular industry often with detrimental results to the foreign firm. Also governments sometimes pose through their legal system investment restrictions on foreign firms seeking FDI in their countries. This ranges from disallowing 100% ownership by foreign firms in the host country; mandatory joint venture or strategic alliance agreements; and even restrictions on the building of manufacturing or distribution facilities in the new country. Demographic.This particular factor in the external environment relates to ? who will your customers be Will the same demographic segment targeted by the firm in its home country be present in the host nation, such as income, gender, age, education? Are these consumers accessible? Is there a need or want for the firm‘s particular products? For example, will a traditional supermarket with middle class consumers at home have a large demographic base in a village where poorer customers buy produce from open-air markets? How will the characteristics of the intended target group affect operating strategy?All of the questions must be answered and will directly affect the strategy that a company will take when expanding abroad and even will affect the country of choice for the firm. Technological. The firm needs to look at new trends in the industry or related in dustries that will have an effect on their expansion and operations at home and abroad. There is in fact rapid technological innovation in the food-retail industry that companies are starting to take notice of and adopt. Technology which allows customers to be their own cashiers and checkout their own groceries have been around for many years.However, it is only recently that some food retailers are toying with its implementation as a strategic tool to enhance their competitive position and offer better service to the time-impoverished customer. This is because self-checkout technology, which allows shoppers to scan their own items, offers savings to both the shopper and the retailer along with an added convenience. Self-checkouts can serve only a segment of the market which wants to scan their own groceries and have a debit card to pay for their groceries. Check-out efficiency has also been improved by widespread use of debit and credit card payment systems.CONCLUDING REMARK Publix ‘s history shows that they bought seven Grand Union stores in Miami in 1959 and 19 All American stores in 1945 to expand their market share in the Florida market. According to Publix leaders, currently there are no specific plans for mergers or acquisitions. However, they are not against the idea of acquiring another company that fits Publix‘s culture and philosophy. An executive commented that ? If the right opportunity came up we could acquire another company†¦ we may or may not find another company we like†¦we believe in internal growth, building our own stores.?The supermarket industry is becoming increasingly concentrated as large regional chains such as, Wal-Mart, Kroger, Safeway, and Albertson‘s dominate their markets Publix‘s current strategy is to steadily grow from within and expand the Publix culture throughout its stores across different states in the United States. If they choose not to go abroad, they better be fully prepared to compet e with global firms that will be planning to invade their market in the coming decades. One must ponder on a strategy of Publix going abroad to gain new market share and to gain the relevant experience to compete with global competitors.Or, Publix can simply prepare to protect its territories from foreign retailers that will be competing with them in the United States. What should Publix executives do and how should be they proceed if they are to maximize the value of their stockholders in the long-term? DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Is Publix ready to go abroad? Defend your statement selection as thoroughly as possible. Do Publix managers and employees have the experience to compete in global markets? Discuss. What route if any should Publix take to expand abroad? (Think about joint-venture, strategic alliance, licensing, manufacturing, greenfield, etc. If international expansion is not feasible at this time, develop some alternative solutions to Publix growing successfully am id global competitors. Beyond product selection, what other aspects of Publix‘s operations may be affected by going abroad? What other factors in the firm‘s external environment may affect international expansion for Publix? Is it better for Publix to go abroad and compete in new markets or simply prepare to compete with global retailers that will be coming into the neighborhood? 29 Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Exhibit 1 – Stages of Internationalization Volume 3, Number 4Foreign Sales Office Domestic Sales Direct Exporting Foreign Manufacturing Subsidiary Amount of Involvement in the Foreign Country Exhibit 2 – Consolidated Earnings Publix Super Markets, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Earnings Years ended December 31, 2005, December 25, 2004 and December 27, 2003 2005 2004 2003 (Amounts are in thousands, except share outstanding and per share amounts) Revenues: Sales$ Other operating income Total revenues Costs and expenses : Cost of merchandise sold Operating and administrative expenses 20,589,130 155,681 20,744,811 18,554,486 131,885 18,686,371 16,760,749 126,120 16,886,869 5,059,680 4,231,402 13,577,740 3,869,791 12,275,132 3,613,759 Total costs and expenses Operating profit Investment income, net Other income, net Earnings before income tax expense Income tax expense Net earnings Weighted average number of common shares outstanding Basic and diluted earnings per common share based on weighted average shares outstanding 19,291,082 1,453,729 74,293 22,716 1,550,738 561,582 $ 989,156 7,447,531 1,238,840 35,311 20,860 1,295,011 475,628 819,383 15,888,891 997,978 21,926 27,185 1,047,089 386,156 660,933 172,039,137 176,775,733 184,112,742 $ 5. 75 4. 64 3. 59 30 Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 Exhibit 3- Consolidated Comprehensive Earnings Publix Super Markets, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings Years ended December 31, 005, December 25, 2004 and December 27, 2003 2005 2004 (Amounts are in thousands) Net earnings Other comprehensive earnings (losses) Unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities available for-sale, net of tax effect of ($8,484), $419 and $3,174 in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively Reclassification adjustment for net realized gain on investment securities available-for-sale, net of tax effect of ($1,692), ($1,348) and ($800) in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively Comprehensive earnings $989,156 819,383 Volume 3, Number 4 2003 660,933 (13,510) 668 5,055 (2,695) $972,951 (2,147) 817,904 (1,274) 664,714REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. Appleson, G. (2006, August 14). Grocery chains blur retailing lines as they bottle Wal-Mart. Knight Ridder Tribune, P. 1 Awbi, A. (2006, June 16 Tesco Shifts Focus as foreign business booms. Food & Drink Europe. com. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from http://www. foodanddrinkeurope. com/news/ng. asp? id=68453. Klintenberg, H. (2003). Japanese Food Market Consumer Market Characteristics, and the foreign entr y situation from a Swedish Perspective. Gotenborg, Dept. of Human and Economic Geography. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from http://www. handels. gu. se/epc/archive00003058.Ikea to move into specialty grocery market. (2005, July 11). Food & Drink Europe. com Retrieved August 24, 2006 from http://www. foodanddrinkeurope. com/news/printNewsBis. asp? id=61218 Jackson, J. (2006, April 6). Experts discuss bird-flue response: Publix plan for curbside delivery is an example of how business for the worst. Knight Ridder Business Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from ProQuest. Mujtaba, B. G. (April 2007). Cross cultural management and negotiation practices. ILEAD Academy Publications; Florida, United States. ISBN: 978-0-9774211-2-1. Website: Ileadacademy. com. Mujtaba, G. B. Johnson, W. , (2004). Publix Super Markets Inc. : Achieving Customer Intimacy. Case 15; pages 375-392. In William Johnson and Art Weinstein‘s book entitled Superior Customer Value in New Economy. Second Edition. CRC P ress. Orgel, D. (2002, June 17). U. S. Supermarket Operators need a foreign policy. Supermarket News. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from ProQuest Database. Pint Sized Imports. Progressive Grocer (2006, May 15). 8, p. 18. Retrieved August 21, 2006 rom ProQuest Database. Publix. (2006, March 2). Publix Announces 4th Quarter and Annual Results for 2005. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from www. ublix. com. Publix. (2006, April 13). Publix Announces Annual Dividend. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from www. publix. com. Publix. (2006). Publix website visited on August 21 2006 at http://www. publix. com 31 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Journal of Business Case Studies – Fourth Quarter 2007 13. 14. 15. Volume 3, Number 4 16. 17. Publix plans natural prototypes. (2005, May 13). South Florida Business Journal. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from http://www. bizjournals. com/southflorida/stories/2005/05/09/daily52. html. Grocer to add flavor with Hispanic themed stores. (2005, March 7).South Florida Busin ess Journal. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from http://www. bizjournals. com/southflorida/stories/2005/03/07/daily5. html. Ideal Media, LLC. (2006). Restaurant Business: Street smarts for the entrepreneur. Retrieved August 21, 2006 from http://www. restaurantbiz. com/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=13355&Itemid=93. Publix. (2006). Publix Super Markets Inc. Annual Report to Stockholders: The Character of Publix. Publix (2006, February 6). Publix and the Little Clinic to open walk-in medical clinics. Retrieved September 16, 2006 from www. publix. com NOTES 32